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Risk Factors
Food and water precautions
Consuming contaminated food and water is one of the most common ways for travelers to develop illnesses. Typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, travelers' diarrhea and cholera may be transmitted by contaminated food and water.
Ensure your water is properly purified, and vegetables are cooked or washed in clean water, and fruits can be peeled.
 Insects
In most developing and third world countries the mosquito can be a threat to your health. Malaria, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever are all transmitted by infected mosquitoes.
Wear protective clothing. Always use an effective insect repellent.
Contaminated soil
Throughout the world, soil can be contaminated with bacteria that can enter broken skin and cause tetanus. Certain parasites are capable of entering unbroken skin. These are found in soil or sand contaminated by cat or dog feces.
Always wear protective footwear. Try to avoid direct contact with sand and soil that may be contaminated with animal feces.
 Person-to-person (coughing and sneezing)
Along with the common cold, diseases such as influenza, diphtheria, meningococcal meningitis and tuberculosis are transmitted from person-to-person through coughing or sneezing.
Travelers should try to avoid exposure to infected individuals by using common sense. Always wash your hands before eating or preparing food.
Person-to-person (sexual activities or blood)
Hepatitis B and AIDS are transmitted via contaminated needles, syringes, blood and sexual activities.
Travelers should avoid casual sexual encounters. If you may require condoms or needles and syringes, carry your own. Avoid tattooing and ear piercing. Try to ensure blood products have been adequately screened before a transfusion. |
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